Hair-curling machine



HAIR CURLING momma.

Filed March 6, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 feiar ZORNE Dec. 29,1925. '4 1,567,826

P. W OLL, JR

HAIR CURLING MACHINE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 6, 1925 IN VENTOR 33 3% rarmmw.

Patented Dec. 29, 1925.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PETER WOLL, JR., OF MELROSE, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO PETER WOLL MANU- FACTURING COMPANY, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

Application filed March 6, 1925.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PETER WoLL, Jr., a citizen of the United States, residing at Melrose, in the county of Montgomery and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hair-Curling Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in I through another machine or mechanism which twists the strand and imparts to it a spiral or helical form of rope like appearance, to curl the component hairs or fibers of the strand.

In thus spiralizing the strand of twisted hairs, it is desirable that it shall be formed into a series of hard, closely related twists or helices and that the rope-like product shall be, throughout its length, a substantially solid mass of hairs about double the diameter of the strand produced by the first twisting operation.

Heretofore, these twists or helices of the rope-like product have occurred in open or spaced formation at intervals owing to variations in th strand as to its diameter and the number of hairs contained therein over certain areas thereof, resulting in closely and tightly curled hairs in such portions of the product where the twists or helices occur in close formation and in open and loosely curled hairs in such portions of the product where the twists or helices occur in the open or spaced formation.

The object of my invention is to overcome this objection and to provide a machine of novel, simple and efficient construction by means of which the strand of hairs may be spiralized so that the rope-like product shall be uniform or substantially so throughout its length as to the close relationship and tightness of its twists or helices, so that the hairs of the strand when separated or teaseled into the final product of curled hair shall be more uniform as to the curls or I-IAIR-CURLING MACHINE.

Serial No. 13,444.

twists of the hairs than has been heretofore produced.

1th the foregoing and related objects in view, the invention consists in the novel construction and combination of parts hereinafter described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, illustratlng the invention,

F lgure 1 is a top view of a hair curling machine embodying my invention.

Figure 2 is a side view thereof.

Figure 3 is an end view of the machine.

Figure 4 is a section taken on line 1-4: of Fig. 1, showing the shaft for carrying the receiving spool and adjuncts.

Figure 5 is a. view of a portion of a strand of twisted hairs.

Figure 6 is a View of a portion of a spiralized strand of twisted hairs, the product of the machine.

Referring to the drawings, th main frame of the machine comprises end standards 2 and 3 and horizontal connecting bars 5 and 6.

Secured upon the standards 2 and 3 are bearings 7 and 8 in which are rotat-ably mounted the trunnio-ns 9 and 10 of a rotatable, framelike member 11 comprising spaced, parallel side bars 12 and 13 connected at their ends by end bars 14 and 15. The trunnions 9 and 10 of the member 11 project fixedly from the end bars 14 and 15, respectively, and the trunnion 9 is made tubular in form for a purpose presently appearmg.

The trunnion 10 projects outwardly from the bearing 8 and it is provided with a pulley 16 by means of which the member 11 may be rotated from a suitable source of power; and the trunnion 10 carries a loose pulley 17 to receive a belt from the pulley 16 when it is desired to stop the rotation of the member 11 without stopping the belt.

The side bars 12 and 13 have secured thereon alined bearings 18 and 19 in which are rotatably mounted sleeves 20 and 21 having discs 22 and 23 formed on the inner ends thereof, respectively. Longitudinal displacement of the sleeve 20 is prevented by the inner end portion of a screw 23 which is screwed into the bearing 20 and enters a circumferential groove 9A in the sleeve 20; and longitudinal displacement of the sleeve 21 is prevented by a worm wheel on the sleeve 21 between the disc 23 and the frame'bar 13, and by acollar 26 on the sleeve 21 adjacent to the outer surface of the bearing 19. The worm wheel 25 and the collar 26 are secured to the sleeve 21 by pins27'and 28, respectively.

Extending through and between the sleeves 20 and 21 is a shaft 29 one end portion of which is made square in cross section and is slidably fitted within a similarly shaped hole in the sleeve 20, so that the sleeve 20 will be rotated by and with the shaft. The other end portion of the shaft 29 is provided with a head 30 having a suitable handle 31 thereon by means of which the shaft 29 may be withdrawn from the sleeves 20 and 21. The head 30 is provided with pins 32 which project therefrom parallel with the shaft 29 and enter holes in the collar 26, so that when the shaft.

29 is inserted into the sleeves 20 and 21, as shown in Fig.4, the pins 32 will enter the holes in the collar 26 and thereby cause the sleeve 21 to be rotated by and with the shaft 29 when it is rotated. It will thus be seen that when the shaft 29 is inserted, it and the sleeves 20 and 21, discs 22 and 23, worm wheel 25 and collar 26 may be turned as a unit.

The worm wheel 25 is engaged by a worm 33 on a shaft 34 which is mounted to turn in suitable bearings on the member 11. The shaft 34 extends outwardly from one end of the member 11 and has a sprocket wheel 35 fixed thereon which is connected by a sprocket chain 36 to a sprocket wheel 37 which surrounds the trunnion 10 of the member 11 :and which is mounted on the inwardly projecting end portion 38 of the bearing 8. The sprocket wheel 37 is secured to the bearing 8 by a set screw'39, whereby, when the member 11 is rotated in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 3, the shaft 29 will be rotated in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 2 through the gearing between the sprocket wheel 37 and the worm 33.

The inner surfaces of the discs 22 and 23 have secured thereon facings 40 of leather or other suitable friction material; and arranged between the faoings 40 is a spool 42 which is mounted to turn on the shaft 29 and to be turned by the frictional engagement of one of the facings 40 with one end of the spool 42. It will be observed that the axis of rotation of the member 11 does not pass through the center of the spool 42 and that therefore the spool is heavier on one side of the axis of rotation than on the other side thereof. This arrangement of parts causes one end ofthe spool 42 to press against the friction facing 40 of the disc 22 by centrifugal force, during the rotation of the member 11 and thereby causes the spool 42 to be rotated with the disc 22 and shaft 29 when they are rotated.

The spool 42 is adapted to be turned to receive the spiralized strand from the tubulartrunnion 9, 'as will be hereinafterdescribed, and a pin or roller 43 is provided to guide the strand between the trunnion 9 and the spool 42. This pin or roller 43 is carried by a bar 44 which extends between and is secured to the side bars 12 and 13 of the rotatable member 11.

Rising from a platform or extension 45 of the main frame of the machine is a vertical shaft 46 for receiving a spool 47 carrying the strand 48 of twisted hairs to a he spiralized.

The strand 48 passes from the delivery spool 47 to and under a guiding roller 49,

thence upwardly to and over a spiral formmg element 50 and thence through the tubular trunnion 9 of the member 11 t0 the receiving spool 42 upon which the spiralized strand or product of the machine 51, as shown in Fig. 6, is wound, as will be hereinafter described.

The guiding roller 49 is carried by a bracket 52 secured upon the platform 45, and the spiral forming element 50 is carried by spaced brackets 53 and 54 secured to and projecting from the end standard 2 u of the main frame.

The spiral forming element 50 may be of any suitable form for its intended purpose. The design employed herein :is in the form of a vertically arranged plate having a depression 55 formed in the upper edge portion thereof through which the "strand 48 passes as it passes over the plate '50. The plate 50 extends at an angle slightly away from a right angle to the axis of rotation of 'the member 11 and the top of the plate 50 forming the central portion of the depression 55 is positioned substantially on such axis to effect the 'spiralization of the strand during the operation of the machine, which wi l be presently described.

A tension device is provided to retard the delivery movement of the spool 47 so that the strand 48 will be delivered therefrom under tension. This device comprises an arm 56 pivoted at 57 to a bracket 58 on the platform 45 and having its free end portion provided with a friction facing of leather or other suitable material bearing against the lower portion of the spool 47. A spring 59 having one end attached to the arm 56 and the other end attached to the platform 45 causes the facing of the arm 56 to bear against the spool 47 with .the required force necessary to produce a friction which will cause the strand to be drawn from the spool 47 under the desired tension.

The operation of the machine is as follows:

The delivery spool 47 containing the strand 48 to be spiralized is placed upon the shaft 46 and the friction arm 56" is applied thereto. The strand 48 is then drawn from the spool 47, passed under the guiding roller 49, and over the spiral forming plate 50 and through the trunnion 9,'and the end thereof is attached to the receiving spool 42. Power is then applied to the pulley 16 causing the member 11 to be rotated in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 3, and causing the receiv ing spool 42 to be turned in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 2. The spool 42 draws the strand 48 from the spool 47 and winds it upon the spool 42, and, at the same time, the rotating member 11 and spool 42 car ried thereby twists the length of the strand which extends between the spool 42 and the plate 50. As this portion of the strand 48 is thus twisted, a spiral, as shown in Fig. 6, is formed therein by the plate 50 and also by the twisting of the strand 48 as it is drawn upwardly to the upper edge portion of the plate 50 and twisted over the same by the rotating member 11 and drawn inwardly from the plate 50 in a horizontal direction, the strand in its spiralized form being wound upon the receiving spool 42.

During the rotation of the member 11 for the spiralization of the strand, the receiving spool 42 is turned on its longitudinal axis by its frictional engagement with the facing 40 on the disc 22, and, when the resistance of the strand to the winding pull of the spool 42 is sufficient to overcome the frictional engagement of the spool with the disc facing 40, the disc facing slides against the opposing surface of the spool 42 and the strand 48 thus retards or stops the winding movement of the spool 42 for a purpose presently appearing. The yielding pull of the spool 42 upon the strand 48 is so related to the character ofthe strand and the tension under which it is drawn from the delivery spool 47 that all parts of the strand will be twisted into a hard and compact spiral or helical form at the spiral forming plate before the spool 42 will take up the spiralized strand, the twisting action of that portion of the strand which extends between the plate 50 and spool 42 acting to draw the strand 48 up from the roller 49 to the plate 50, as the strand is twisted over the upper edge of the plate, and the engagement of the strand with the plate serving to hold back the spiralize'd portion of the strand and to permit the spool 42 to be turned tov wind the spiralized strand thereon only as rapidly as that portion of the s rand immediately back of the plate 50 is twisted into a hard and compact spiral or helical form, the twists or helices of which are closely related and in engagement with each other, as shown in Fig. 6, throughout the length of the spiral-.

ized strand, irrespective of the different thicknesses of various parts of the strand and irrespective of variations in the number of hairs in various parts of the strand.

After the strand 48 has been spiralized and Wound upon the spool 42, the machine is stopper. The shaft 29 is withdrawn from the sleeves 20 and 21 and spool 42. The

spool 42 is then removed from the member 11, and the spiralized strand thereon may then be subjected to the usual boiling operation to set the twists or curls in the hairs forming the same, after which the strand is dried and then picked apart or teaseled in the usual manner.

I claim as my invention 1. The combination of a frame, a rotatable member provided with a receiving device constructed to receive and take up a s rand of twisted hairs when the device is actuated, means for rotating the member, a spiral tormin -r element adapted to receive a strand of twisted hairs and to deliver it to said receiving device, said member and said element co-operating to spiralize said strand during the rotation of the member, and means influenced by varying thicknesses of said strand to actuate said receiving device at varying speeds in accordance with said varying thicknesses and thereby cause the ipiralization of all parts of the strand in closely formed helices.

2. The combination of a frame, a rotatable member, a spool rotatably carried by the member for receiving a strand of twisted hairs, means for rotating the member, a spiral forming element adapted to receive a strand of twisted hairs and to deliver it to said spool, said member and said element cooperating to spiralize said strand during the rotation of the member, a rotatable driving element carried by the member and influenced by varying thicknesses of said strand to rotate the spool by frictional engagement therewith at varying speeds in accordance with said varying thicknesses during the spiralization of the strand, and means for rotating the driving element.

3. The combination of a frame, a rotatable member, a shaft carried by the member, a spool rotatable on the shaft for receiving a strand of twisted hairs, a spiral forming element ada ited to receive a strand of twisted lairs and to deliver it to said spool, said member and said element co-operating to s} 'alize said strand during the rotation of the member, a driving element carried by said shaft and frictionally engaging said spool to rotate it and permit it to turn relatively thereto, and means carried by the member and actuated by it during its rotation to rotate said element, the frictional engagement of the driving element with the spool being such as to rotate the spool at varying speeds as governed by varying illicit ization thereof.

eases of the strand during the spiral- 4. The combination of a frame, a rotatable member, means for rotating the member, a spool rotatably carried by the member, a ro tatable driving element carried bythe member and-adapted to rotate the spool by frictional engagement and to permit relative movement between the spool and said ele-. ment while the spool is being'rotated, means for rotating the driving element, a spiral forming-element"adapted, to receive a strand of twisted hairs and to deliver it to said spool, ano means for supporting and delivering a strand of twisted hairs under tension to the spiral forming element, the frictional engagement of the driving element and the tension ofthe last named element being related so as to cause said spool to take up said strand at varying speeds as govrned by varying thicknesses of the strand during the spiralization thereof.

5. The combinatioirof a frame, a rotatable member, means for rotating the member, a shaft carried by the member at right angles toits-axisof rotation, a spool rotatalt-ly carried by the shaft and being heavier 011 one side of the axis of rotation of the member than on the other side thereof, a rotatable driving element against which the spool is held by centrifugal force during the rotation of the member to rotate the spool and permit it to turn relatively thereto, means for rotating the driving element, and a iral forming element adapted to receive a strand of twisted hairs and to deliver it to said-spool.

6: The combination of a frame, a rotatable member, means for rotating the member, a shaft carried by the member at right angles IO its axis of rotation, a spool rotatably carried by the shaft and being heavier on one side of the axis of rotation of the member than on the other side thereof, a rotatable driving element on said shaft and against which the spool is held by centrifugal force during the rotation of the member to rotate the spool and permit it to turn relatively hereto, means carried by the member and actuated by it during its rotation to rotate the driving element, and a spirial forming element adapted to receive a strand of twistcd hairs and to deliver it to said spool.

7. The combination of a frame, a rotatable member, means for rotating the member, a receiving spool rotatably carried by the member, means for rotating the spool during the rotation of the member, a rotatable delivery spool, a spring pressed arm bearing against the delivery spool to retard its delivery movement, and a spiral forming element adapted to receive a strand of twisted hairs from the delivery spool and to deliver it to the receiving spool.

8. The combination of a frame, a rotatable member, means for rotating the member, a receiving spool rotatably carried by the menses member, arotatable'dri'ving element carried by the member and adapted to rotate the spool by frictional engagement and to perm'it relative movement bet-ween the :spool and said element whilethe spool is being r'otated, means for rotating the receiving spool, arot'atable deliveryspool provided with friction means to retard its delivery movement, and a spiral forn'iin-g element adapted to receive'a strand of twisted hairs from the delivery spool and to deliver it to the receivingspool, the frictional engagement of the drivii'ig element and the friction means -retarding-the deliver-y spool being related so as to cause the receivingspool to take up the tatably carried by the shaft and being heavier on'one side ofthe axis of rotation of the member than on the other side thereof. a rotatable driving element against which the spool is held by centrifugal force during the rotation of the member to rotate the spool and permit it to turn relatively thereto, means for rotating the driving element, a rotatable delivery spool provided with friction means to retard its delivery movement, and a spiral forming element adapted to receive a strand of twisted hairs from the delivery spool and to deliver it to the receiving spool.

10. The combination of a frame, a rotatable member having a tubular trunnion around the axis of which it is adapted to rotate, means for rotating the member, a receiving :s pool =rotata'bly carried by the member, a rotatable driving element carried by the member and adapted to rotate the spool by frictior-al engagement and to-per nut relative inovement between the spool and said element while the spool 1S being rotated, means for rotating the driving element, a rotatable deli-very spool provided with friction means to retard its delivery movement, a spiral forming element adapted to receive a strand of twisted hairs from the delivery'spool and to deliver it through said trunnion to the receiving spool, and means for guiding said strand from the delivery spool to the spiral forming'element, the frictional engagement of the driving element and the friction means retarding the delivery spool being related so as to cause the receiving spool to take up the spiralized strands at varying speeds as governed by varying thicknesses of strand during the spirahzation thereof.

In testimony whereof I afiix any-signature hereto.

PETER WOLL, J n, 

